Effects of culture condition and nutrition on the co-production of microbial oil and exopolysaccharide by Sporidiobolus pararoseus JD-2

Microbial oil has been gaining considerable attention from researchers recently as renewable and ecofriendly oil and its potential as feedstock for food industry and biodiesel industry. In this context, we have earlier demonstrated production of microbial oil and exopolysaccharide (EPS) from the yeast Sporidiobolus pararoseus JD-2. In this study, we explored increasing its production by optimizing the culture condition and nutrition. As expected, culture temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) are the contributing factors for co-producing microbial oil and EPS, in which 28? and lower quantum (i.e., 30 mL/500 mL) show the best conditions in shake-flasks fermentation. By contrast, the initial pH from 4 to 8 has no obvious effect on producing microbial oil and EPS. In addition, the culture nutrition (i.e., carbon/nitrogen source) were also discussed, and indicating that 20 g/L of corn steep liquor and 60 g/L of glucose are beneficial to produce microbial oil and EPS (i.e., 34.1±1.2 g/L and 11.5±0.2 g/L, respectively). Meanwhile, the residue glucose should be maintained at 20 g/L, in which the highest production of microbial oil and EPS was obtained (i.e., 34.6±1.7 g/L and 11.7±0.8 g/L, respectively). The biomass, microbial oil and EPS were further increased during optimizing the DO level, which reached to 67.8±2.1 g/L, 34.7±0.6 g/L and 11.8±0.5 g/L during maintaining DO level at 20-30%, respectively. The results suggest that appropriate culture condition and nutrition considerably improve the fermentation performance of S. pararoseus JD-2 and significantly increase co-production of microbial oil and EPS (by 11.2 and 8.3%, respectively) compared to the un-optimized fermentation.

TTYH3 is a prognostic biomarker and associates with immune cell infiltrations of lung adenocarcinoma / TTYH3 es un biomarcador pronóstico y se asocia con infiltraciones de células inmunitarias del adenocarcinoma de pulmón

SUMMARY: We investigated Tweety Family Member 3 (TTYH3) level in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its relationship with immune infiltration in tumors by bioinformatics. Differential expressions of TTYH3 in lung cancer were analyzed with Oncomine, TIMER, GEO, UALCAN and HPA. Relationship of TTYH3 mRNA/protein levels with clinical parameters was analyzed by UALCAN. Co-expressed genes of TTYH3 in LUAD were analyzed using Cbioportal. Its relationship with LUAD prognosis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier plotter. GO and KEGG analysis were performed. Correlation between TTYH3 and tumor immune infiltration were tested by TIMER, TISIDB and GEPIA. We found that TTYH3 was significantly increased in LUAD tissues. TTYH3 high expression was closely related to poor overall survival, post progression survival and first progression in LUAD patients. TTYH3 mRNA/protein levels were significantly associated with multiple pathways. Specifically, TTYH3 up-regulation was mostly related to biological regulation, metabolic process, protein blinding, extracellular matrix organization and pathways in cancer. Moreover, TTYH3 was positively associated with immune cell infiltration in LUAD. Finally, TTYH3 was highly expressed in LUAD as revealed by meta-analysis. TTYH3 is closely related to the prognosis of LUAD and immune cell infiltration, and it can be used as a prognostic biomarker for LUAD and immune infiltration.

Investigamos por bioinformática el nivel de Tweety Family Member 3 (TTYH3) con adenocarcinoma de pulmón (LUAD) y su relación con la infiltración inmune en tumores. Las expresiones diferenciales de TTYH3 en cáncer de pulmón se analizaron con Oncomine, TIMER, GEO, UALCAN y HPA. Con UALCAN se analizó la relación de los niveles de ARNm/proteína de TTYH3 con los parámetros clínicos. Los genes coexpresados de TTYH3 en LUAD se analizaron utilizando Cbioportal. Su relación con el pronóstico LUAD se analizó mediante plotter de Kaplan- Meier. Se realizaron análisis GO y KEGG. TIMER, TISIDB y GEPIA probaron la correlación entre TTYH3 y la infiltración inmune tumoral. Encontramos que TTYH3 aumentó significativamente en los tejidos LUAD. La alta expresión de TTYH3 estuvo estrechamente relacionada con una supervivencia general deficiente, supervivencia posterior a la progresión y primera progresión en pacientes con LUAD. Los niveles de ARNm/ proteína de TTYH3 se asociaron significativamente con múltiples vías. Específicamente, la regulación positiva de TTYH3 se relacionó principalmente con la regulación biológica, el proceso metabólico, el cegamiento de proteínas, la organización de la matriz extracelular y las vías en el cáncer. Además, TTYH3 se asoció positivamente con la infiltración de células inmunitarias en LUAD. Finalmente, TTYH3 se expresó altamente en LUAD como lo reveló el metanálisis. TTYH3 está estrechamente relacionado con el pronóstico de LUAD y la infiltración de células inmunitarias, y se puede utilizar como biomarcador pronóstico para LUAD y la infiltración de células inmunitarias.

Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of sapovirus clusters in Changzhou schools from 2019 to 2022 / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and genetic characteristics of sapovirus (SaV) in a cluster of schools in Changzhou, so as to provide a reference for the treatment of clustered vomiting and diarrhea events in schools.@*Methods@#The epidemiological data and laboratory test data of sapovirus clusters in Changzhou from 2019 to 2022 were collected and analyzed. Partial VP1 genes of SaV positive samples were amplified and sequenced for phylogenetic analysis.@*Results@#A total of 8 cases of clusters of SaV epidemics were reported in Changzhou City from 2019 to 2022, with 118 reported cases. The total attack rate was 1.47%, and the median of the attack number was 15. There were 6 outbreaks in kindergartens and 2 outbreaks in primary schools, which were reported in the epidemic period from September to December. The main clinical manifestations were vomiting (113 cases, 95.76 %), abdominal pain (39 cases, 33.05%), and diarrhea (16 cases, 13.56%). Among the 8 outbreaks, 17 sample strains were successfully sequenced. 5 outbreaks were GII.3 , and the other 3 outbreaks were GI.1, GI .3 and GII.2. GI and GII were the main genotypes in this area, and GII .3 was the predominant strain.@*Conclusion@#SaV is an important pathogen in the clusters of vomiting and diarrhea in schools after the transmission of norovirus. Continuous surveillance of SaV should be carried out to further understand its epidemiological characteristics and genotype distribution, so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of the epidemic in schools.

Systematic engineering of the rate-limiting step of b-alanine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli

BACKGROUND: Large amounts of b-alanine are required in fine chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis and other fields. Profitable and green methods are required for the industrial production of b-alanine. RESULTS: Replacing endogenous panD of Escherichia coli with heterologous CgpanD from Corynebacterium glutamicum enabled b-alanine synthesis of 0.67 g/L by strain B0016-082BB. Overexpressing CgpanD on both plasmids and chromosomes to enhance the rate-limiting step improved the b-alanine titer to 4.25 g/L in strain B0016-083BB/pPL451-panD with a slighter metabolic burden. Growth factors were introduced by addition of yeast extract, and 6.65 g/L of b-alanine was synthesized by strain B0016- 083BB/pPL451-panD in the M9-3Y medium. CONCLUSIONS: Enhancement of the rate-limiting steps in the b-alanine biosynthetic pathway, recruitment of the temperature-sensitive inducible pL promoter, and optimization of the fermentation process could efficiently increase b-alanine production in E. coli.

The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head is not clear, which may be related to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Controlling endoplasmic reticulum stress signal pathway may regulate autophagy and apoptosis, which has a certain preventive and therapeutic effect on the disease. OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between endoplasmic reticulum stress and hormone-induced autophagy and apoptosis, and to summarize the research progress of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head. METHODS: Relevant articles published from 2000 to 2020 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases. The keywords were “endoplasmic reticulum stress, femur head necrosis, unfolded protein response, glucocorticoid, autophagy, apoptosis, ischaemia” in English and Chinese, respectively. The old and duplicate articles were excluded, and 81 articles were included for analysis and discussion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Unfolded protein response can induce autophagy and apoptosis in cells to alleviate the three downstream signal pathways caused by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Endoplasmic reticulum stress is closely related to hormone-induced autophagy and apoptosis and femoral head ischemia. Endoplasmic reticulum stress may be a pathological link in the process of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Hormone induces autophagy and apoptosis of cells by activating endoplasmic reticulum during ischemia and hypoxia and finally leads to osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

Research progress in the application of PEPT1 in tumor target therapy / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) is a carrier protein with the function of transporting small molecule peptides. PEPT1 is expressed in a variety of tumors, and can target and transport small peptides into tumor cells. Using PEPT1 as a carrier can specifically deliver anti-tumor drugs to tumor cells, reduce the toxic and side effects of the drugs on normal tissues, and maximize the effectiveness of the drugs. In addition, PEPT1 can also mediate the transport of small peptide tumor radiotracers and tumor photodynamic therapy molecules, providing new ideas for tumor diagnosis and photodynamic therapy. In this paper, the research progress of PEPT1 in tumor target therapy was reviewed, including the expression of PEPT1 in tumors, PEPT1 mediated anti-tumor drugs, tumor radiotracers and drugs targeted delivery of tumor photodynamic therapy. The application prospect of PEPT1 in tumor targeted therapy was prospected.

Chemical profiling and tissue distribution study of Jingyin Granules in rats using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HR-MS / 中国中药杂志

In this study, the chemical profiling of Jingyin Granules and the tissue distribution of nine major constituents in this Chinese medicine were performed after oral administration of Jingyin Granules to rats, by using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HR-MS. An Acquity UPLC BEH C_(18) chromatographic column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm) was used as solid phase, while the mobile phase was methanol and 0.1% formic acid water for gradient elution. The major constituents in this Chinese medicine were quickly and accurately identified, via comparison with the retention times and MS/MS spectra of the standards. A total of 106 chemicals were identified from Jingyin Granules, including 24 kinds of organic acids, 47 kinds of flavonoids, 10 kinds of iridoids, and 21 kinds of saponins and 4 kinds of other compounds. After oral administered Jingyin Granules to rats, 48, 30, 25, 23, 45, 34, 39, 26, 19 prototype compounds were identified in serum, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, fat, and testicles, respectively. Meanwhile, an LC-MS based analytical method was established for simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, swertiamarin, caffeic acid, sweroside, liquiritin, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, arctiin, 5-O-methylvisammioside and arctigenin in biological samples. The tissue distribution(serum, liver and lung) of these nine aim constituents in rats after oral administration of Jingyin Granules were investigated. It was found that these nine constituents could be quickly absorbed into circulation system and then distributed to liver and lung tissues. Except arctigenin, the exposure of other eight aim constituents to serum and lung was peaked at 1 h. At 1 h, the exposure of these components to lung tissue were ranked as follows: swertiamarin [(75 191.0±3 483.21) ng·g~(-1)]>arctiin [(2 716.5±36.06) ng·g~(-1)]>5-O-methylvisammioside [(585.1±0.71) ng·g~(-1)]>arctigenin [(437.45±3.18) ng·g~(-1)]>chlorogenic acid [(308.1±5.66) ng·g~(-1)]>prim-O-glucosylcimifugin [(211.35±2.19) ng·g~(-1)]>sweroside [(184.3±9.05) ng·g~(-1)]>caffeic acid [(175.95±2.05) ng·g~(-1)]>liquiritin [(174.78±153.34) ng·g~(-1)]. In summary, an UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HR-MS method has been established for rapid and accurate identification of the constituents in Jingyin Granules, while the tissue distribution of nine major absorpted constituents were investigated in rats following oral administration of Jingyin Granules. These findings provided key information and guidance for further studies on pharmacodynamic substances and clinical applications of Jingyin Granules.

circ_0023642 promotes malignant biological behaviors of gastric cancer cells via regulating miR-508-3p/ERBB4 axis / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#Objective: To explore the influence of circ_0023642 on the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer GMC-803 cells by modulating miR-508-3p/ERBB4 axis. Methods: Cancer tissues and corresponding para-cancer normal tissues from 31 gastric cancer patients, who underwent surgical resection at the Second People's Hospital of Nantong City from May 2015 to March 2018, were collected for this study; meanwhile, gastric cancer cell lines (MGC-803, MKN-45 and MKN-28) were also collected. qPCR was performed to determine the expression levels of circ_0023642 and miR-508-3p in above mentioned tissues and cell lines. WB was applied to measure the expressions of ERBB4, E-cadherin, N-cadherin and Vimentin in MGC-803 cells. CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay were used to evaluate the effects of circ_0023462 and miR-508-3p expression on proliferation, migration and invasion of MGC-803 cells. Dual-luciferase reporter gene was carried out to validate whether miR-508-3p could bind to the 3' UTR of circ_0023642 and ERBB4. Results: Compared with para-cancer tissues or normal gastric mucosal cells, the expression of circ_0023642 was significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and cells lines, and the expression was highest in MGC-803 cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Silencing circ_0023642 dramatically decreased the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MGC-803 cells (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Both circ_0023642 and ERBB4 could target the binding sites of miR-508-3p. Further experiments confirmed that circ_ 0023642 promoted the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of MGC-803 cells by sponging miR-508-3p (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: circ_0023642, by competing ERBB4 to bind with miR-508-3p, promotes the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer MGC-803 cells, thus could be used as a marker for the clinical diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Relationship between the after-school schedule and bone mineral density in middle-school students in Shanghai / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the relationship between after-school schedule and bone mineral density in middle-school students in Shanghai, to provide a reference for taking targeted measures.@*Methods@#From November 2017 to April 2018，eighteen classes of six middle schools in Shanghai (from urban districts, urban-suburb combined districts and suburban districts, respectively) were selected based on cluster random sampling. In each school, 2-4 classes were further randomly chosen in the 6th grade. Questionnaires were completed by 518 students and their parents, as well as physical examination and bone mineral density assessment.@*Results@#The average time spent on after-school academic learning during weekends was 4.0 (IQR: 2.0, 6.0) h. The Z-score of bone density was 0.3 (IQR: -0.7, 1.0). The smooth curve fit model showed a non-linear relationship between after-school academic learning time during weekends and the Z-scores of bone mineral densities. A two-stage multiple linear regression analysis was further applied according to the fit results, and the results showed that when total afterschool academic learning time <4.5 hours during weekends, the learning time was inversely correlated with the bone density Z-scores (β=-0.11,P=0.01), and when the learning time ≥4.5 hours, there was no significant correlation between the learning time and bone density Z-scores (β=0.02, P=0.65). Parent and student questionnaires showed that there was a non-linear relationship between students’ daily time spent on outdoor sports-related activities and bone density Z-scores. When time spent on the outdoor activities ≥45 minutes per day, outdoor activities were positively correlated with bone density Z-scores (P<0.05). However, when the time spent on outdoor activities <45 minutes per day, there was no significant relationship between outdoor activities and bone density Z-scores (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Too much time on after-school academic learning during weekends or limited time on outdoor activities are both related to impaired bone mineral densities. Therefore, a reasonable after-school schedule for middle-school students is important for physical development, especially during weekends.

Discussion on the influencing factors of beating heart coronary artery bypass grafting / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective To explore the factors affecting the operation of coronary artery bypass grafting with heart beating and improve the effect of the operation. Methods From January 2012 to June 2016, 898 patients with coronary heart disease who received cardiovascular surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University were analyzed retrospectively. All patients only underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with beating heart. Among them, 797 patients underwent the off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (an OPCABG group, 592 males and 205 females, with an average age of 60.5±8.4 years); another 101 patients received on-pump beating heart coronary artery bypass grafting (an OPBH group, 77 males and 24 females, with an average age of 61.5±8.2 years). Results The average number of grafts in the OPCABG group was 3.36±0.74, and in the OPBH group was 3.71±0.69 (P<0.05). The postoperative ventilation time (10.8±9.5 hvs. 20.6±12.3 h), ICU stay (28.8±15.5 h vs. 37.4±30.8 h), hospital stay (10.9±4.8 d vs. 14.8±8.6 d), mortality (1.1% vs. 3.0%), the utilization rate of intra-aortic balloon pump (2.4% vs. 8.9%) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (0.5% vs. 5.0%) were significantly different between the OPCABG group and OPBH group (all P<0.05). Twelve patients died after surgery, and the total bloodless operation ratio was 91.3%. Conclusion The results show that most patients can achieve good results with the help of apical fixation and myocardial fixator, improved surgical techniques and methods, good anesthesia management as well as flexible and accurate use of vasoactive drugs. But extracorporeal circulation is necessary in the patients with large left ventricle, low ejection fraction and hemodynamic instability after intraoperatively moving the heart.

Correlation between myocardial velocity measured using tissue doppler imaging in the left ventricular lead-implanted segment and response to cardiac resynchronization therapy

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether tissue Doppler imaging parameters, especially the peak systolic velocity of the left ventricular lead-implanted segment (Ss), affect cardiac resynchronization therapy response. METHODS: In this case-control study, 110 enrolled patients were divided into cases (responder group, n=65) and controls (nonresponder group, n=45) based on whether their left ventricular end-systolic volume was reduced by ≥15% at 6 months after surgery. Preoperative clinical and echocardiographic data were collected. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors affecting the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy, and receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to evaluate their diagnostic values. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with left bundle branch block in the case group was higher than that in the control group. The control group showed a higher left atrial volume index, E/A ratio and E/Em ratio but lower Ss than that of the case group. A multivariate regression analysis showed that left bundle branch block, Ss, and an E/Em ratio>14 were independent risk factors affecting the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Ss=4.1 cm/s was the best diagnostic threshold according to the receiver operating characteristic curve. CONCLUSIONS: Ss is an important factor affecting the response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Patients with heart failure associated with Ss<4.1 cm/s have a higher risk of nonresponse.

Alanine mother liquor as a nitrogen source for docosahexaenoic acid production by Schizochytrium sp. B4D1

Alanine mother liquor, a type of industrial waste from alanine fermentation, was used as a nitrogen source to produce docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by Schizochytrium sp. B4D1. The results indicated that yeast extract could trigger the utilization of the alanine mother liquor. Additionally, the alanine can be quenched during the culture, which aids in DHA accumulation. The medium components were optimized via response surface methodology as follows: 99.98-g/L glucose, 0.05-g/L yeast extract and a 183.17 dilution factor of the alanine mother liquid (v/v, with an alanine content of 0.72 g/L) and 17.98% inoculum concentration (v/v). Finally, in a 50-mL shake-flask fermentation, the DHA yield was 2.29 g/L.

The Oral Microbiome Bank of China / 国际口腔科学杂志·英文版

The human microbiome project (HMP) promoted further understanding of human oral microbes. However, research on the human oral microbiota has not made as much progress as research on the gut microbiota. Currently, the causal relationship between the oral microbiota and oral diseases remains unclear, and little is known about the link between the oral microbiota and human systemic diseases. To further understand the contribution of the oral microbiota in oral diseases and systemic diseases, a Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD) was established in the US. The HOMD includes 619 taxa in 13 phyla, and most of the microorganisms are from American populations. Due to individual differences in the microbiome, the HOMD does not reflect the Chinese oral microbial status. Herein, we established a new oral microbiome database-the Oral Microbiome Bank of China (OMBC, http://www.sklod.org/ombc ). Currently, the OMBC includes information on 289 bacterial strains and 720 clinical samples from the Chinese population, along with lab and clinical information. The OMBC is the first curated description of a Chinese-associated microbiome; it provides tools for use in investigating the role of the oral microbiome in health and diseases, and will give the community abundant data and strain information for future oral microbial studies.

MAFB mediates the therapeutic effect of sleeve gastrectomy for obese diabetes mellitus by activation of FXR expression

Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and related pathways are involved in the therapeutic effect of sleeve gastrectomy for overweight or obese patients with diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of FXR expression regulation during the surgical treatment of obese diabetes mellitus by sleeve gastrectomy. Diabetic rats were established by combined streptozotocin and high-fat diet induction. Data collection included body weight, chemical indexes of glucose and lipid metabolism, liver function, and the expression levels of musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family B (MAFB), FXR, and related genes induced by sleeve gastrectomy. Chang liver cells overexpressing MAFB gene were established to confirm the expression of related genes. The binding and activation of FXR gene by MAFB were tested by Chip and luciferase reporter gene assays. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy induced significant weight loss and decreased blood glucose and lipids in diabetic rat livers, as well as decreased lipid deposition and recovered lipid function. The expression of MAFB, FXR, and FXR-regulated genes in diabetic rat livers were also restored by sleeve gastrectomy. Overexpression of MAFB in Chang liver cells led to FXR gene expression activation and the alteration of multiple FXR-regulated genes. Chip assay showed that MAFB could directly bind with FXR promoter, and the activation of FXR expression was confirmed by luciferase reporter gene analysis. The therapeutic effect of sleeve gastrectomy for overweight or obese patients with diabetes mellitus was mediated by activation of FXR expression through the binding of MAFB transcription factor.

miRNA regulating the sensitivity of HBV-positive hepatocellular carcinoma cells to sorafenib by Mcl-1 gene / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the miRNAs that can intervene Mcl-1 expression in HBV-related liver cancers and to study their synergistic anti-cancer effect with sorafenib. Methods: The expressions of miR-29, miR-101 and miR-193b in HepG2.2.15 (HBV positive) and HepG2.vc (HBV negative) cells were detected by qPCR. miRNA mimics of low expressed genes in HepG2.2.15 cells were synthesized and transfected into HepG2.2.15 and HepG2.vc cells, respectively. qPCR was used to detect target miRNA expression. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of mcl-1 protein in cells before and after transfection.At the same time, (1×10-9)~(1× 10-3) mol/L of sorafenib was add to both transfected and non-transfected HepG2.2.15 and HepG2.vc cells; 72 h later, the IC50 and cell apoptosis was evaluated. Results: The expression of miR-193b in HepG2.2.15 cells was significantly lower than that in HepG2.2.15 cells (P <0.05). The expression of miR-193b in HepG2.2.15 cells and HepG2.2.15 cells was significantly higher after miR-193b mimics transfection (P <0.05). Compared with HepG2.vc cells, the expression of Mcl-1 protein in HepG2.2.15 cells was significantly increased (P <0.05). The expression of Mcl-1 protein in HepG2.2.15 and HepG2.vc cells was significantly decreased after miR-193b mimics transfection (P<0.05). After miR-193b mimics transfection, sorafenib could significantly increase apoptosis rate of both HepG2.2.15 and HepG2.vc cells. Conclusion: The low susceptibility of HBV-related liver cancer to sorafenib may be related with the low expression of miR-193b in cancer cells. Mcl-1 might be used as a target of miR-193b, and miR-193b mimics have a significant synergistic effect with sorafenib.

Abnormal diastolic function underlies the different beneficial effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy on ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between diastolic function and the different beneficial effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with heart failure due to different causes. METHODS: The 104 enrolled patients were divided into an ischemic cardiomyopathy group (n=27) and a non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group (n=77) according to the cause of heart failure. Before implantation, left ventricular diastolic function was evaluated in all patients using echocardiography. After six months of follow-up, the beneficial effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy were evaluated using a combination of clinical symptoms and echocardiography parameters. RESULTS: The ischemic cardiomyopathy group included significantly more patients with restrictive filling than the non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group. The response rate after the implantation procedure was significantly higher in the non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group than in the ischemic cardiomyopathy group. Degrees of improvement in echocardiography parameters were significantly greater in the non-ischemic cardiomyopathy group than in the ischemic cardiomyopathy group. Multivariate regression analysis showed that a restrictive filling pattern was an independent factor that influenced responses to cardiac resynchronization therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study again confirmed that the etiology of heart failure affects the beneficial effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy and a lower degree of improvement in ventricular systolic function and remodelling was observed in ischemic cardiomyopathy patients than in non-ischemic cardiomyopathy patients. In addition, systolic heart failure patients with severe diastolic dysfunction had poor responses to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Ischemic cardiomyopathy patients exhibited more severe diastolic dysfunction than non-ischemic cardiomyopathy patients, which may be a reason for the reduced beneficial effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Efficacy of half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy for central serous chorioretinophathy in patients aged above 45 / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy for central serous chorioretinophathy (CSC) in patients aged above 45 years old.METHODS:Thirty-two eyes of 30 patients aged above 45 years old with central serous chorioretinophathy were included,and all the eyes received half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy (PDT).Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA),central macular thickness (CMT) and subretinal fluids absorption (SRF) were measured before and after treatment (1,3 and 6mo).RESULTS:The rate of SRF absorbing completely was 44％ at 1mo,63％ at 3mo and 75％ at 6mo.The difference in cure rate of the three time points was statistically significant (x2 =6.621,P=0.037).All the patients were divided into two groups according to the duration,patients in Group A were treated less than 6mo,Group B were ≥6mo.The mean LogMAR BCVA in the two groups were respectively 0.6149±0.4117 and 0.8167±0.4370 before treatment and the mean CMT were 409.47±129.422μ m and 395.82 ± 153.756μm before treatment.The difference between the two groups in the LogMAR BCVA was not statistically significant (F=0.303,P=0.823),but the time difference within the subjects was statistically significant (F=32.837,P＜ 0.001).In Group A,the differences of the LogMAR BCVA at pre-treatment,1 mo and 3mo was all statistically significant (P＜ 0.05),but the differences of the LogMAR BCVA at 3mo and 6mo was not statistically significant (t =2.024,P =0.063).In Group B,the differences of the LogMAR BCVA at any two time points were all statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).The difference between the two groups in the CMT was not statistically significant (F=0.064,P=0.978),but the time difference within the subjects was statistically significant (F=26.447,P＜0.001).In Group A,the differences of the CMT at any two time points were all statistically significant (P＜0.05).So were in Group B (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Half-dose verteporfin PDT was effective in treating CSC aged above 45 years old,it still could improve BCVA and subretinal fluids absorption.

Preparation,characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of hydroxycamptothecin-phospholipid complex / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To prepare hydroxycamptothecin-phospholipid complex(HCPT-PC),characterize its physicochemi-cal properties,and evaluate the cytotoxicity. Methods The particle size and morphology of HCPT-PC were characterized by malvern particle size potentiometer,scanning electron microscopy(TEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Its composite mecha-nism was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The solubility and antitumor activity were also investigat-ed. Results The particle size of HCPT-PC was(145.08±18.37)nm. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron micros-copy revealed that HCPT-PC was uniformly distributed with a spherical shape. X-ray powder diffraction indicated that HCPT changed from crystalline to amorphous state in HCPT-PC. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that there was a weak interaction be-tween HCPT and PC. The solubility of HCPT-PC in water,PBS,ethanol and n-octanol was about 21.91,20.36,1.42 and 6.32 times than that of HCPT,respectively. After treated with HepG2,SMMC-7721 and H22 cells for 48 and 72 hours,IC50 of HCPT-PC was higher than that of HCPT by 3.57,11.14,2.79,37.26,21.23 and 24.49 times,respectively. Conclusion HCPT is compounded into an amorphous-state HCPT-PC by a weak interaction with the polar end of PC. Its solubility and anti-hepatocarcinoma activity are signif-icantly higher than HCPT.

Influence of tirofiban on plasma GDF-15 and serum PAF level in AMI patients undergoing PCI / 心血管康复医学杂志

Objective:To explore influence of tirofiban on plasma level of growth differentiation factor-15(GDF-15) and serum level of platelet activating factor(PAF)in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods:A total of 110 AMI patients undergoing emergency PCI from Jan 2015 to Dec 2016 were selected.According to random number table,they were randomly and equally divided in-to routine treatment group(received dual antiplatelet therapy etc.)and tirofiban group(received tirofiban based on routine treatment group).TIMI blood flow grade and cardiac function after PCI,plasma GDF-15 and serum PAF levels before and after treatment,and incidence of adverse events were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with routine treatment group on 7d after PCI,there were significant reductions in serum PAF level [(10.2 ± 1.7)μg/L vs.(8.3 ± 1.4)μg/L]and plasma GDF-15 level[(2.6 ± 0.8)μg/L vs.(1.5 ± 0.6)μg/L]in tirofiban group,P=0.001 both.Compared with routine treatment group on six months after PCI,there was signifi-cant rise in left ventricular ejection fraction[(52.8 ± 6.6)% vs.(57.5 ± 7.3)%],and significant reductions in left ventricular end-systolic dimension[(45.4 ± 7.1)mm vs.(40.2 ± 6.9)mm],left ventricular end-diastolic dimension [(57.0 ± 7.2)mm vs.(52.4 ± 7.6)mm]and incidence rate of adverse events(14.5% vs.1.8%)in tirofiban group,P<0.05 or <0.01. Conclusion:Compared with routine treatment,tirofiban can more significantly reduce plasma GDF-15 and serum PAF levels,improve cardiac function in AMI patients after PCI,and it′s safe,which is worth extending.

Application and evaluation of visual aids fitting in patients with low vision / 眼科新进展

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of personalized fitting for visual aids in patients low vision.Methods A total of 173 low vision patients were given visual function evaluation and visual aids fitting,and followed up for the usage of devices after 1 year.Then several variables were analyzed,including vision,the duration of wearing visual aids per day,reasons for discontinuance and existing problems.Results The top 3 underlying etiologies of low vision were high myopia,congenital eye diseases and diabetic retinopathy.As for the usage of visual aids,patients wearing device occasionally accounted for 66.47％,＜ 1 hour for 4.62％,＞ 1-2 hours for 19.08％,＞ 2-3 hours for 4.62％,＞ 3 hours for 5.20％.The overall efficiency rate of visual aids fitting was 79.77％.and the difference in effectiveness of distance-optical visual aids had no statistical significance (X2 =0.794,P =0.939),but there was significant difference among near-optical visual aids (X2 =12.535,P ＜ 0.05).Among abandoned 23 aids,17 (73.91％) was discarded due to decreased visual acnity,4 (17.39％) due to inconvenience to use,and 2 (8.70％) was unknown to use.Conclusion Personalized fitting can make visual aids more efficient,and the appropriate use of optical visual and electronic visual aids can significantly improve the residual vision by follow-up and enhanced service.